rustix/backend/linux_raw/
reg.rs

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1//! Encapsulation for system call arguments and return values.
2//!
3//! The inline-asm code paths do some amount of reordering of arguments; to
4//! ensure that we don't accidentally misroute an argument or return value, we
5//! use distinct types for each argument index and return value.
6//!
7//! # Safety
8//!
9//! The `ToAsm` and `FromAsm` traits are unsafe to use; they should only be
10//! used by the syscall code which executes actual syscall machine
11//! instructions.
12
13#![allow(unsafe_code)]
14
15use super::c;
16use super::fd::RawFd;
17use core::marker::PhantomData;
18use core::ops::Range;
19
20pub(super) trait ToAsm: private::Sealed {
21    /// Convert `self` to a `usize` ready to be passed to a syscall
22    /// machine instruction.
23    ///
24    /// # Safety
25    ///
26    /// This should be used immediately before the syscall instruction, and the
27    /// returned value shouldn't be used for any other purpose.
28    #[must_use]
29    unsafe fn to_asm(self) -> *mut Opaque;
30}
31
32pub(super) trait FromAsm: private::Sealed {
33    /// Convert `raw` from a value produced by a syscall machine instruction
34    /// into a `Self`.
35    ///
36    /// # Safety
37    ///
38    /// This should be used immediately after the syscall instruction, and the
39    /// operand value shouldn't be used for any other purpose.
40    #[must_use]
41    unsafe fn from_asm(raw: *mut Opaque) -> Self;
42}
43
44/// To preserve provenance, syscall arguments and return values are passed as
45/// pointer types. They need a type to point to, so we define a custom private
46/// type, to prevent it from being used for anything else.
47#[repr(transparent)]
48pub(super) struct Opaque(c::c_void);
49
50// Argument numbers.
51pub(super) struct A0(());
52pub(super) struct A1(());
53pub(super) struct A2(());
54pub(super) struct A3(());
55pub(super) struct A4(());
56pub(super) struct A5(());
57#[cfg(any(target_arch = "mips", target_arch = "mips32r6"))]
58pub(super) struct A6(());
59#[cfg(target_arch = "x86")]
60pub(super) struct SocketArg;
61
62pub(super) trait ArgNumber: private::Sealed {}
63impl ArgNumber for A0 {}
64impl ArgNumber for A1 {}
65impl ArgNumber for A2 {}
66impl ArgNumber for A3 {}
67impl ArgNumber for A4 {}
68impl ArgNumber for A5 {}
69#[cfg(any(target_arch = "mips", target_arch = "mips32r6"))]
70impl ArgNumber for A6 {}
71#[cfg(target_arch = "x86")]
72impl ArgNumber for SocketArg {}
73
74// Return value numbers.
75pub(super) struct R0(());
76
77pub(super) trait RetNumber: private::Sealed {}
78impl RetNumber for R0 {}
79
80/// Syscall arguments use register-sized types. We use a newtype to
81/// discourage accidental misuse of the raw integer values.
82///
83/// This type doesn't implement `Clone` or `Copy`; it should be used exactly
84/// once. And it has a lifetime to ensure that it doesn't outlive any resources
85/// it might be pointing to.
86#[repr(transparent)]
87#[must_use]
88pub(super) struct ArgReg<'a, Num: ArgNumber> {
89    raw: *mut Opaque,
90    _phantom: PhantomData<(&'a (), Num)>,
91}
92
93impl<'a, Num: ArgNumber> ToAsm for ArgReg<'a, Num> {
94    #[inline]
95    unsafe fn to_asm(self) -> *mut Opaque {
96        self.raw
97    }
98}
99
100/// Syscall return values use register-sized types. We use a newtype to
101/// discourage accidental misuse of the raw integer values.
102///
103/// This type doesn't implement `Clone` or `Copy`; it should be used exactly
104/// once.
105#[repr(transparent)]
106#[must_use]
107pub(super) struct RetReg<Num: RetNumber> {
108    raw: *mut Opaque,
109    _phantom: PhantomData<Num>,
110}
111
112impl<Num: RetNumber> RetReg<Num> {
113    #[inline]
114    pub(super) fn decode_usize(self) -> usize {
115        debug_assert!(!(-4095..0).contains(&(self.raw as isize)));
116        self.raw as usize
117    }
118
119    #[inline]
120    pub(super) fn decode_raw_fd(self) -> RawFd {
121        let bits = self.decode_usize();
122        let raw_fd = bits as RawFd;
123
124        // Converting `raw` to `RawFd` should be lossless.
125        debug_assert_eq!(raw_fd as usize, bits);
126
127        raw_fd
128    }
129
130    #[inline]
131    pub(super) fn decode_c_int(self) -> c::c_int {
132        let bits = self.decode_usize();
133        let c_int_ = bits as c::c_int;
134
135        // Converting `raw` to `c_int` should be lossless.
136        debug_assert_eq!(c_int_ as usize, bits);
137
138        c_int_
139    }
140
141    #[inline]
142    pub(super) fn decode_c_uint(self) -> c::c_uint {
143        let bits = self.decode_usize();
144        let c_uint_ = bits as c::c_uint;
145
146        // Converting `raw` to `c_uint` should be lossless.
147        debug_assert_eq!(c_uint_ as usize, bits);
148
149        c_uint_
150    }
151
152    #[inline]
153    pub(super) fn decode_void_star(self) -> *mut c::c_void {
154        self.raw.cast()
155    }
156
157    #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
158    #[inline]
159    pub(super) fn decode_u64(self) -> u64 {
160        self.decode_usize() as u64
161    }
162
163    #[inline]
164    pub(super) fn decode_void(self) {
165        let ignore = self.decode_usize();
166        debug_assert_eq!(ignore, 0);
167    }
168
169    #[inline]
170    pub(super) fn decode_error_code(self) -> u16 {
171        let bits = self.raw as usize;
172
173        // `raw` must be in `-4095..0`. Linux always returns errors in
174        // `-4095..0`, and we double-check it here.
175        debug_assert!((-4095..0).contains(&(bits as isize)));
176
177        bits as u16
178    }
179
180    #[inline]
181    pub(super) fn is_nonzero(&self) -> bool {
182        !self.raw.is_null()
183    }
184
185    #[inline]
186    pub(super) fn is_negative(&self) -> bool {
187        (self.raw as isize) < 0
188    }
189
190    #[inline]
191    pub(super) fn is_in_range(&self, range: Range<isize>) -> bool {
192        range.contains(&(self.raw as isize))
193    }
194}
195
196impl<Num: RetNumber> FromAsm for RetReg<Num> {
197    #[inline]
198    unsafe fn from_asm(raw: *mut Opaque) -> Self {
199        Self {
200            raw,
201            _phantom: PhantomData,
202        }
203    }
204}
205
206#[repr(transparent)]
207pub(super) struct SyscallNumber<'a> {
208    nr: usize,
209    _phantom: PhantomData<&'a ()>,
210}
211
212impl<'a> ToAsm for SyscallNumber<'a> {
213    #[inline]
214    unsafe fn to_asm(self) -> *mut Opaque {
215        self.nr as usize as *mut Opaque
216    }
217}
218
219/// Encode a system call argument as an `ArgReg`.
220#[inline]
221pub(super) fn raw_arg<'a, Num: ArgNumber>(raw: *mut Opaque) -> ArgReg<'a, Num> {
222    ArgReg {
223        raw,
224        _phantom: PhantomData,
225    }
226}
227
228/// Encode a system call number (a `__NR_*` constant) as a `SyscallNumber`.
229#[inline]
230pub(super) const fn nr<'a>(nr: u32) -> SyscallNumber<'a> {
231    SyscallNumber {
232        nr: nr as usize,
233        _phantom: PhantomData,
234    }
235}
236
237/// Seal our various traits using the technique documented [here].
238///
239/// [here]: https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/future-proofing.html
240mod private {
241    pub trait Sealed {}
242
243    // Implement for those same types, but no others.
244    impl<'a, Num: super::ArgNumber> Sealed for super::ArgReg<'a, Num> {}
245    impl<Num: super::RetNumber> Sealed for super::RetReg<Num> {}
246    impl<'a> Sealed for super::SyscallNumber<'a> {}
247    impl Sealed for super::A0 {}
248    impl Sealed for super::A1 {}
249    impl Sealed for super::A2 {}
250    impl Sealed for super::A3 {}
251    impl Sealed for super::A4 {}
252    impl Sealed for super::A5 {}
253    #[cfg(any(target_arch = "mips", target_arch = "mips32r6"))]
254    impl Sealed for super::A6 {}
255    #[cfg(target_arch = "x86")]
256    impl Sealed for super::SocketArg {}
257    impl Sealed for super::R0 {}
258}
rustix/backend/linux_raw/reg.rs

rustix/backend/linux_raw/
reg.rs
